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Market
- Production
- Consumption
- Trade
Cocoa is grown principally in West Africa, Central and South America and Asia. In order of annual production size, the eight largest cocoa-producing countries at present are Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Indonesia, Nigeria, Cameroon, Brazil, Ecuador and Malaysia. These countries represent 90% of world production.
Share of countries in total cocoa beans production (2005/06 crop year forecasts)
Source: UNCTAD based on the data from International Cocoa Organization, quaterly bulletin of cocoa statistics
In the early 1970s production was concentrated on Ghana, Nigeria, Côte d'Ivoire and Brazil, but it has now expanded to areas such as the Pacific region, where countries like Indonesia have shown spectacular growth rates in production.
World production of cocoa beans, in thousand tonnes
Source: UNCTAD based on the data from International Cocoa Organization, quaterly bulletin of cocoa statistics
Although cocoa is largely produced in developing countries, it is mostly consumed in industrialized countries. For cocoa, the buyers in the consuming countries are the processors and the chocolate manufacturers. A few multinational companies dominate both processing and chocolate manufacturing. The following graph represents the main consumers of cocoa, based on the apparent domestic cocoa consumption, which is calculated as grindings plus net imports of cocoa products and of chocolate products in beans equivalent.
Share of main consuming countries in 2004/05
Source: UNCTAD based on the data from International Cocoa Organization, quaterly bulletin of cocoa statistics
Taking into account the data for the last 30 years it is possible to see that with the exception of eight years, there has always been a surplus of production. The following graph presents the supply and demand balance for the last thirty years, considering grindings as primary demand of cocoa beans.
World cocoa bean production, grindings ans supply / demand balance in thousand tonnes from 1960/61 to 2005/06 (forecasts)
Source: UNCTAD based on the data from International Cocoa Organization, quaterly bulletin of cocoa statistics
Exports
We can find that the main exporters are also the main producers of cocoa beans. Although countries like Brazil and Malaysia are main producers, they are not necessarily large exporters due to the size of their processing industry, which absorbs local production. In Latin America for example, the Dominican Republic exports more cocoa beans than Brazil.
Interactive map of trade flows of cocoa beans among countries (crop year 2004/05 in tonnes)
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Source: UNCTAD
calculations based on data from the quaterly bulletin of cocoa statistics,
International Cocoa Organization.
Note :
- Indonesia : for 2005 only, data are from COMTRADE (SITC rev 2 : 0721)
- Nigeria : figures are the main imports of cocoa beans from Nigerian
origin for the crop year 2004/05 (computed by UNCTAD Secretariat based
on ICCO data).
